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The Madonna in the Church by Netherlandish painter Jan van Eyck, c.1438, is a little gem. Measuring only 12.2 by 5.5 inches it is rich with details and theological meaning. If you look closely at the painting, Mary would be about 60 feet tall in this Gothic Cathedral. Behind her left shoulder you can see a small painting of angels singing. You can also see a statue of Our Lady and the Christ Child. In the tracery you can see scenes from her life. Supernatural light floods through the windows, illuminating her face and filling the space. It is meant to portray a theological reality of Mary as the Theotokos, the God-Bearer. There had been an inscription on the original frame that read: “As the sunbeam through the glass passes but not stains. so the Virgin as she was, still remains.”
Jan van Eyck used oil paints, a medium that was new at that time, and one which he mastered. Unlike the egg tempera that was commonly used, oil paints could produce a new transparency to the pigments, creating a richness and luminosity that was not possible before.
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